CompPilot

Free investor tool

Cash-on-cash return calculator

Cash-on-cash return measures what your own money earns — not what the property earns. Enter the deal's income, expenses, financing, and the cash you put in to see the annual return on your actual capital.

$
%
$
$
$
%
$
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Principal + interest
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Down payment + closing costs + rehab
Cash-on-cash return
Annual pre-tax cash flow ÷ cash invested
Monthly cash flow
Annual cash flow
Net operating income
Annual debt service

These are estimates from the numbers you entered. Want them calculated from real comparable rentals for a specific address?

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The formula

Cash-on-Cash Return = ( Annual Pre-Tax Cash Flow ÷ Total Cash Invested ) × 100

Annual Cash Flow = Net Operating Income − Annual Debt Service
Total Cash Invested = Down Payment + Closing Costs + Rehab

How to use cash-on-cash calculator results

Cash-on-cash return answers the question that actually matters when you're deciding where to put money: what does this deal pay me on the capital I hand over? Cap rate ignores your loan. Cash-on-cash doesn't — which is why leverage can turn a 6% cap property into a 12% cash-on-cash return, or into a negative one if you borrowed at the wrong rate.

What goes in "cash invested"

What doesn't go in: the loan amount. That's the point — you're measuring the return on your money, not the bank's.

Worked example

Line itemAmount
Effective gross income$25,080
Operating expenses−$9,106
Net operating income$15,974
Annual debt service ($1,450 × 12)−$17,400
Annual cash flow−$1,426
Cash invested$62,500
Cash-on-cash return−2.28%

That example is deliberately unflattering. At a 6.39% cap rate with a payment that size, the deal bleeds. This is exactly the scenario that looks fine on a cap-rate-only screen and loses money every month in reality — which is why you run both numbers.

What counts as good

Most investors target 8–12% cash-on-cash on a stabilized long-term rental. Below 5% you're accepting low current return in exchange for appreciation or principal paydown, which can be a legitimate strategy in a growth market but is a bet, not income. Above 15% usually signals either a genuinely great buy, a value-add play mid-execution, or an expense assumption that's too optimistic.

The rent number drives everything above. CompPilot pulls actual comparable rentals for any US address and returns a defensible rent range — plus cap rate, DSCR, cash flow, and a written market memo.

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Frequently asked questions

What is a good cash-on-cash return?

Most long-term rental investors target 8–12%. Under 5% means you're betting on appreciation rather than income. Over 15% is possible but worth double-checking — it often means maintenance, vacancy, or capital expenditure assumptions are too low.

Does cash-on-cash return include appreciation or principal paydown?

No. It measures pre-tax cash flow only. Your actual total return also includes principal paydown from each mortgage payment, appreciation, and tax benefits like depreciation. Cash-on-cash is deliberately narrow because cash flow is the part that shows up in your bank account every month.

Why is my cash-on-cash return negative?

The property isn't producing enough net operating income to cover its debt service. Common causes: rent below market, an interest rate that outran the rents when you bought, or an expense load heavier than underwritten. The fix is usually rent — verify what the unit should actually be renting for before assuming the deal is broken.

Is cash-on-cash better with more leverage?

Only when the property's return exceeds the cost of the debt. If a property yields 8% and you borrow at 6%, more leverage amplifies your return. If you borrow at 9% on the same property, leverage works against you. This is why cash-on-cash swings so hard with rate changes.

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<div data-comppilot-calc="cash-on-cash"></div>

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